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Related Concept Videos

Peptide Bonds02:43

Peptide Bonds

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A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems01:19

Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems

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A thermodynamic system with zero heat exchange and work is an isolated system. For these systems, the internal energy remains constant.
In the case of a non-isolated system, the change in the internal energy is zero only if the process is cyclic. A thermodynamic process is considered cyclic if the system undergoes a series of changes and returns to its initial state. 
Consider a cyclic process that returns to its initial state, undergoing a four-step process. The heat transfer along each...
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Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry01:10

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical technique used to investigate the redox properties of a chemical species. It involves measuring the current response of an electrochemical cell as a function of the applied potential. The setup for cyclic voltammetry typically consists of a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode—all immersed in an electrolyte solution. The working electrode is where the redox reaction of interest occurs, while the reference electrode...
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Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry01:28

Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry

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The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
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Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center
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Frontier Between Cyclic Peptides and Macrocycles.

Philipp Ermert1, Anatol Luther2, Peter Zbinden2

  • 1Polyphor Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland. philipp.ermert@polyphor.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This review explores macrocyclic natural products and their analogs, focusing on how their peptide and non-peptide structures influence cell permeability. It covers diverse examples and discusses methods for creating new compound libraries.

Keywords:
Cellular permeabilityLibraryMacrocycleModular synthesisSemi-synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Macrocyclic natural products are a rich source of bioactive compounds.
  • Cellular permeability is a critical factor in drug efficacy.
  • Understanding structure-permeability relationships is key for developing new therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review macrocyclic natural products and analogs with varying peptide and non-peptide content.
  • To highlight structural features that potentially modulate cellular permeability.
  • To discuss synthetic strategies for generating novel macrocyclic compound libraries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of macrocyclic natural products.
  • Analysis of structural features related to cellular permeability.
  • Discussion of semisynthetic and synthetic approaches for library generation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of diverse macrocyclic compounds, including cyclosporin A, phepropeptins, telomestatin, and largazole.
  • Correlation of peptidic and non-peptidic elements with potential effects on cellular permeability.
  • Overview of platforms for creating focused and general compound libraries.

Conclusions:

  • Macrocyclic natural products and their analogs offer diverse structural motifs for modulating cellular permeability.
  • Semisynthetic and synthetic strategies are crucial for accessing novel macrocyclic compounds.
  • Further exploration of these compounds holds promise for drug discovery and development.