Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

5.8K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
5.8K
Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

403
Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
403
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

6.6K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.6K
Multi-Step Reactions02:31

Multi-Step Reactions

8.7K
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...
8.7K
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

4.7K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
4.7K
Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

17.9K
The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
The multipass transmembrane proteins are the type IV integral membrane proteins with multiple topogenic sequences determining their spatial arrangement in the ER membrane. Nearly all multipass proteins lack a cleavable signal sequence and use...
17.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of the Gut Microbiota throughout the First Year of Life and Its Association with Socio-Emotional Development into Childhood.

Developmental neuroscience·2026
Same author

Recurrent DNA break clusters drive replication-stress-induced copy number variants and genome diversification.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Increased Disease Burden in Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Comorbid Conditions and Psychiatric Diagnoses in a Multinational European Cohort: Results From the DISCOvERIE Project.

United European gastroenterology journal·2025
Same author

Integrating multimodal cancer data using deep latent variable path modelling.

Nature machine intelligence·2025
Same author

The bidirectional interaction between antidepressants and the gut microbiota: are there implications for treatment response?

International clinical psychopharmacology·2024
Same author

Genomic analysis of intracranial and subcortical brain volumes yields polygenic scores accounting for variation across ancestries.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2024
Same journal

circ2DGNN: circRNA-Disease Association Prediction via Transformer-Based Graph Neural Network.

IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics·2024
Same journal

Hierarchical Hypergraph Learning in Association- Weighted Heterogeneous Network for miRNA- Disease Association Identification.

IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics·2024
Same journal

Discriminative Domain Adaption Network for Simultaneously Removing Batch Effects and Annotating Cell Types in Single-Cell RNA-Seq.

IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics·2024
Same journal

MLW-BFECF: A Multi-Weighted Dynamic Cascade Forest Based on Bilinear Feature Extraction for Predicting the Stage of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma on Multi-Modal Gene Data.

IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics·2024
Same journal

An End-to-End Knowledge Graph Fused Graph Neural Network for Accurate Protein-Protein Interactions Prediction.

IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics·2024
Same journal

Generative Biomedical Event Extraction With Constrained Decoding Strategy.

IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
04:34

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.6K

Multi-Site Meta-Analysis of Morphometry.

Neda Jahanshad, Joshua Faskowitz, Gennady Roshchupkin

    IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
    |May 29, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new framework for multi-site tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to analyze large neuroimaging datasets. This method enhances statistical power for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) by pooling cohort statistics while preserving individual site data.

    More Related Videos

    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
    06:26

    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

    Published on: November 27, 2019

    77.4K
    Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
    08:36

    Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

    Published on: April 19, 2024

    1.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

    Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
    04:34

    Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia

    Published on: February 17, 2023

    1.6K
    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
    06:26

    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

    Published on: November 27, 2019

    77.4K
    Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
    08:36

    Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

    Published on: April 19, 2024

    1.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging genetics
    • Computational neuroanatomy

    Background:

    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) link genetic data to traits, but neuroimaging offers vast data potential.
    • Large populations are crucial for detecting statistically significant effects in neuroimaging studies, necessitating data pooling across multiple research sites.
    • Existing neuroimaging consortia (e.g., ENIGMA, CHARGE) analyze MRI data from over 30,000 individuals using distributed processing and meta-analysis to avoid direct data sharing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an analytical framework for multi-site tensor-based morphometry (TBM) suitable for large-scale neuroimaging data.
    • To enhance the power of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) by enabling voxelwise analyses across multiple cohorts.
    • To enable well-powered, image-wide, genome-wide discoveries in neuroimaging research.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a novel analytical framework for multi-site TBM.
    • Implemented multi-channel registration to cohort-specific templates.
    • Pooled cohort statistics using meta-analysis, preserving single site specificity.

    Main Results:

    • The developed framework demonstrated reliability and added statistical power compared to alternative methods.
    • The approach successfully localized statistical effects in voxelwise analyses.
    • Enabled the potential for well-powered image-wide genome-wide discoveries.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multi-site TBM framework is reliable and powerful for large-scale neuroimaging studies.
    • This method overcomes limitations of single-measure analyses and underpowered voxelwise GWAS.
    • It facilitates robust genome-wide discoveries by effectively analyzing pooled neuroimaging data across multiple sites.