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Division plane placement in pleomorphic archaea is dynamically coupled to cell shape.

James C Walsh1,2, Christopher N Angstmann3, Alexandre W Bisson-Filho4

  • 1School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.

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Cell division site placement in archaea is guided by Turing patterns, which dynamically adapt to cell shape. This mechanism, independent of DNA location, explains how these organisms achieve accurate cell division.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Accurate cell division site placement is crucial for organism viability.
  • Turing patterns, arising from nonlinear molecular interactions, are known to regulate cell division in some organisms like Escherichia coli.
  • The universality of Turing patterning in cell division across different domains of life, particularly in archaea, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of cell division site placement in two pleomorphic archaea, Haloferax volcanii and Haloarcula japonica.
  • To determine if Turing patterning principles govern divisome placement in these archaea.
  • To assess the influence of cell shape and DNA location on division site determination.

Main Methods:

  • Time-lapse microscopy of Haloferax volcanii and Haloarcula japonica.
  • Analysis of division plane orientation in relation to cell morphology, including triangular cells.
  • Comparison of observed division patterns with predictions from Turing patterning models.

Main Results:

  • Division plane location in H. volcanii and H. japonica correlates with Turing pattern predictions.
  • Divisome placement is dynamically determined by daughter cell shape in H. volcanii.
  • Nucleoid occlusion does not influence division site selection in H. volcanii.
  • Most triangular cells divided as predicted by Turing mechanisms, though some exhibited multiple divisions yielding three progeny.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that Turing patterning is a conserved mechanism for cell division site placement in archaea.
  • Cell shape plays a critical role in dictating division plane orientation.
  • This study expands the understanding of pattern-forming mechanisms in cell division beyond bacteria.