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Related Experiment Videos

Is changing hypothalamic activity important for control of ovulation?

R N Clayton, J P Royston, J Chapman

    British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
    |July 4, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Investigating the hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone pulse generator in women revealed that ovarian function is not primarily driven by changes in this generator. Anovulatory cycles in women with regular cycles suggest ovarian, not hypothalamic, abnormalities.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Gynecology

    Background:

    • The hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator is crucial for regulating the menstrual cycle.
    • Understanding its activity in ovulatory versus anovulatory cycles is key to identifying causes of impaired ovarian function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the activity of the GnRH pulse generator in women with ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles.
    • To determine if alterations in GnRH pulse generator activity are primary determinants of normal and impaired ovarian function.

    Main Methods:

    • Inferred endogenous GnRH secretion by measuring the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) response.
    • Characterized pulsatile LH release over 8 hours on multiple occasions during the follicular and luteal stages of menstrual cycles.

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  • Utilized ovarian ultrasonography and serum progesterone levels to confirm cycle type.

    • Main Results:

    • In ovulatory cycles, LH pulse frequency decreased in the luteal stage compared to the follicular stages.
    • No change in LH pulse frequency was observed during the preovulatory LH surge, suggesting rising estradiol sensitizes the pituitary.
    • LH pulse patterns in anovulatory cycles were similar to ovulatory cycles, indicating normal hypothalamic-pituitary control.

    Conclusions:

    • The GnRH pulse generator activity does not significantly change to induce the preovulatory LH surge; pituitary sensitivity to estradiol is key.
    • In regularly menstruating anovulatory women, the primary defect appears to be ovarian, not in hypothalamic-pituitary regulation.
    • These findings shift the focus for treating certain anovulatory conditions to the ovary itself.