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Communication01:03

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Communication01:28

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Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Update on Preservice Training in Augmentative and Alternative Communication for Speech-Language Pathologists.

Rachel K Johnson1, Jessica Prebor2

  • 1Department of Communication Disorders & Special Education, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA.

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Academic programs now offer more augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) training for speech-language pathologists. However, most students still lack essential clinical experience in AAC, highlighting a critical need for improvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
  • Academic Training Programs

Background:

  • The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) updated its Certification Standards of Clinical Practice.
  • Assessing preservice training in AAC is crucial for speech-language pathology (SLP) programs.
  • Previous surveys established a baseline for AAC training in academic settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report current data on AAC preservice training in US academic programs for SLPs.
  • To compare current AAC training with previous survey findings.
  • To identify changes and areas needing improvement in AAC education.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was distributed to 279 US speech-language pathology graduate training programs.
  • Data were collected from programs listed by the Council on Academic Accreditation.
  • Response rate was 28.4% (79 surveys returned).

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant increase in programs offering at least one primary AAC course was observed.
  • Inclusion of AAC content in other courses and specialized AAC courses has risen.
  • The majority of programs report fewer than half of students graduate with AAC clinical hours.
  • Limited training grants and doctoral training opportunities in AAC persist.

Conclusions:

  • US academic programs have enhanced preservice AAC training over the last decade.
  • There is a critical need to increase clinical experience in AAC for SLP students.
  • Further development of doctoral training and research grants in AAC is necessary to meet demand.