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[Rapid Resolution of Symptomatic Hypercalcaemia].

Markus Koster1, Simon Ritter2, Michael Brändle1

  • 11 Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin/Hausarztmedizin, Departement Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital St. Gallen.

Praxis
|May 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Milk-alkali syndrome, characterized by hypercalcaemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal insufficiency, is increasingly common due to calcium carbonate supplements. This condition can occur even with low calcium intake in at-risk individuals.

Keywords:
HypercalaemiaHyperkalzämieKalziumkarbonatMilch-Alkali-Syndromacute kidney injuryakute Niereninsuffizienzcalcium carbonatemetabolic alkalosismetabolische Alkalosemilk-alkali syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Milk-alkali syndrome is a triad of hypercalcaemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal insufficiency.
  • It is associated with the ingestion of calcium and absorbable alkali.
  • The incidence is rising due to widespread calcium carbonate supplementation, making it the third most common cause of hypercalcaemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing incidence of milk-alkali syndrome.
  • To identify patient populations at increased risk.
  • To demonstrate that hypercalcaemia can occur with low calcium intake in susceptible individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis.
  • Review of patient risk factors including age, volume status, and medication use.
  • Analysis of calcium intake and metabolic parameters.

Main Results:

  • Older patients, those prone to volume depletion, and those on medications reducing glomerular filtration rate are at higher risk.
  • Postmenopausal women with chronic kidney disease consuming excessive calcium carbonate are frequently affected.
  • Symptomatic hypercalcaemia was observed even with small amounts of calcium carbonate in a patient with risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Milk-alkali syndrome is an increasingly recognized cause of hypercalcaemia.
  • Risk factors significantly influence the development of the syndrome.
  • Awareness and prompt recognition are crucial for managing this potentially reversible condition.