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Increased Sensorimotor Cortex Activation With Decreased Motor Performance During Functional Upper Extremity Tasks

Shannon B Lim1, Janice J Eng

  • 1Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.J.E.); Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L.); and Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.J.E.).

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|May 29, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with stroke show greater sensorimotor cortex activation during functional tasks like reaching and gripping, despite poorer performance. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can help study neuroplastic changes in stroke rehabilitation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Current stroke rehabilitation research often overlooks functional tasks and positions.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers novel methods for studying neuroplasticity.
  • This study investigates sensorimotor cortex activation during functional movements post-stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare sensorimotor cortex activation between stroke survivors and healthy individuals during reaching and gripping tasks.
  • To explore the relationship between task performance and brain activation in stroke patients.
  • To assess the utility of fNIRS in evaluating neuroplastic changes relevant to functional recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Eleven chronic stroke survivors and 11 healthy controls performed reaching and gripping tasks.
  • Tasks were performed using the stronger arm, weaker arm, or both arms simultaneously.
  • Sensorimotor cortex activation was measured using fNIRS, with performance data collected concurrently.

Main Results:

  • Stroke patients exhibited greater ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex activation compared to controls, despite lower performance.
  • Significant correlations between gripping performance and sensorimotor activation were found in the stroke group, particularly with the weaker arm and bilateral movements.
  • fNIRS successfully differentiated brain activation patterns during functional tasks between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Increased sensorimotor activation in stroke survivors may reflect heightened effort or task difficulty.
  • fNIRS is a valuable tool for assessing brain activity during functional movements in stroke rehabilitation.
  • This technology holds promise for monitoring neuroplastic changes and guiding rehabilitation interventions.