Histology of Pulmonary and Bronchiolar Disorders in Connective Tissue Diseases

Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, acquired or hereditary, involving an autoimmune-mediated inflammation of connective tissues in the whole body. Lung involvement is common with CTDs, and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Each compartment of the lung may be affected, often simultaneously, depending on the type of CTD. In addition, the lung may show pathological changes related to treatment, such as infection, drug reaction, and neoplasia. A multidisciplinary approach to diagnose these patients is essential and incorporates radiological and clinical as well as pathological data. In this review we describe the patterns of lung disease associated with common CTDs, lung disease in pediatric CTD patients, and newly recognized conditions.