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Relationship Between G-Quadruplex Sequence Composition in Viruses and Their Hosts.

Emilia Puig Lombardi1, Arturo Londoño-Vallejo2, Alain Nicolas3

  • 1Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR3244 CNRS, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France. maria-emilia.puig-lombardi@curie.fr.

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Summary

Viruses utilize G-quadruplex (G4) structures with specific loop compositions, particularly pyrimidine and C-loops, to interact with host functions. This suggests a co-evolutionary relationship between viral and host G-quadruplex motifs.

Keywords:
G-quadruplexHerpesviridaeeukaryotic hostsgenome evolutionvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • G-quadruplex (G4) structures are formed by guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences.
  • G4s play roles in genome stability and gene expression regulation.
  • Putative quadruplex sequences (PQSs) are prevalent in genomes, with loop composition varying by species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of PQSs in viral genomes.
  • To compare viral PQS motifs with those of their eukaryotic hosts.
  • To understand how viral G4 structures might interact with host cellular machinery.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 7370 viral genome assemblies.
  • Examination of PQS motif size, loop length, and nucleotide composition.
  • Comparative analysis of viral and host PQS motifs across seven viral taxa and five host types.

Main Results:

  • Short-looped PQSs are predominant in viral genomes, with generally conserved loop composition across viral groups.
  • Viruses infecting animals show a higher frequency of pyrimidine loops.
  • Herpesviridae viruses exhibit C-looped G4s, and TTA-looped G4s are common, mimicking vertebrate telomeric motifs.

Conclusions:

  • Viral G4 structures, especially C-looped and TTA-looped motifs, can mediate interactions with host transcription factors and telomeric functions.
  • The findings suggest a co-evolution between viral and host PQSs.
  • G4 motifs represent a significant area for understanding virus-host interactions and viral proliferation strategies.