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Universal Adhesives: Setting Characteristics and Reactivity with Dentin.

Dimitris Papadogiannis1, Maria Dimitriadi2, Maria Zafiropoulou3

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Summary

This study evaluated six universal dental adhesives, finding significant variations in film properties, hardness, and bond strength despite a common monomer. Performance differences highlight the impact of formulation on clinical effectiveness.

Keywords:
bond strengthdegree of curehardnessinteraction with dentinoxygen inhibitionuniversal adhesives

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Universal dental adhesives offer simplified clinical application.
  • Understanding their performance is crucial for predictable clinical outcomes.
  • Variations in formulation can significantly impact adhesive properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the performance of six commercial universal dental adhesives.
  • To assess key properties including degree of conversion, micro-hardness, oxygen inhibition, demineralization, and shear bond strength.
  • To correlate adhesive properties with their interactions with dentin.

Main Methods:

  • Tested adhesives: Adhese Universal (ADU), All-Bond Universal (ABU), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CBQ), G-Premio Bond (GPB), Prelude One (PRO), and Scotchbond Universal (SBU).
  • Evaluated properties: degree of C=C conversion (DC%), Vickers micro-hardness (VHN), oxygen inhibition (OI), dentin demineralization (DM%), insoluble salt formation (AS%), and shear bond strength (SBS).
  • Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Weibull analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations observed in DC (67.2-82.5%), VHN (1.1-6.6 VHN), OI (5.6-18.6 μm), DM% (10.6-69.3%), AS% (15.9-26%), and SBS (29.3-16.6 MPa).
  • Scotchbond Universal (SBU) showed highest micro-hardness, while G-Premio Bond (GPB) exhibited highest demineralization.
  • Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CBQ), Adhese Universal (ADU), All-Bond Universal (ABU), and Scotchbond Universal (SBU) demonstrated superior shear bond strength.
  • All adhesives exhibited mixed failure modes.

Conclusions:

  • Despite sharing the 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) monomer, universal dental adhesives exhibit distinct performance characteristics.
  • Differences in co-monomers, solvents, and catalysts influence film properties, reactivity, and dentin bonding capacity.
  • Clinical selection should consider these formulation-dependent variations for optimal bonding and longevity.