Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis of the Hand: A Rare Pediatric Condition

Background: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare autoinflammatory condition characterized by bone pain and swelling, secondary to sterile bone osteolytic lesions. Estimated incidence is 1:1 000 000, with ~2% involving the hand. We present a case series of CRMO of the hand and review the available literature, with the aim of educating and raising awareness of this condition. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients presenting to the institution diagnosed with CRMO involving the hands. Subsequently, a literature review was performed. Results/Case Series: Three cases of CRMO of the hand were identified. Age ranged from 20 months to 6 years, with 1 female. Time from presentation to diagnosis ranged from 3 to 15 months. Two had a single lesion, with the remaining patient having a second lesion on full-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three lesions involved phalanges, and one involved a metacarpal. Two received antibiotics without improvement prior to diagnosis. After diagnosis of CRMO, two received intravenous pamidronate. They both later showed improvement on MRI. Conclusion: CRMO is a rare disease with scarce literature to guide management. We present a series of CRMO specifically of the hand. The cases educate key stakeholders, raise awareness of the diagnosis, and illustrate challenging aspects of managing these patients. This includes the special functional and anatomical consideration essential in managing cases involving the hand.