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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Fixation of Ultrasound Transducers for Spinal Cord Neuromodulation in Mice
Published on: August 1, 2025
Noninvasive Neuromodulation of Peripheral Nerve Pathways Using Ultrasound and Its Current Therapeutic Implications
Christopher Puleo1, Victoria Cotero1
1GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY 12309.
Abstract:
This review describes work from several research groups in which ultrasound is being used to target the peripheral nervous system and perform neuromodulation noninvasively. Although these techniques are in their infancy compared to implant-based and electrical nerve stimulation, if successful this new noninvasive method for neuromodulation could solve many of the challenges facing the field of bioelectronic medicine. The work outlined herein shows results in which two different (potentially therapeutic) targets are stimulated, a neuroimmune pathway within the spleen and a nutrient/sensory pathway within the liver. Both data and discussion are provided that compare this new noninvasive technique to implant-based nerve stimulation.
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