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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

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Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Modeling Neuronal Death and Degeneration in Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons
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Modeling Neuronal Death and Degeneration in Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons

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Signaling pathways in cerebellar granule cells development.

Li Wang1, Yuan Liu1

  • 1Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury Chongqing 400042, PR China.

American Journal of Stem Cells
|May 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cerebellar granule cells, the cerebellum

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cerebellar granule cells are the most abundant neuron type in the cerebellum.
  • Their development is crucial for cerebellar function and relies on intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
  • Understanding their proliferation and differentiation is key to understanding cerebellar development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review signaling pathways involved in cerebellar granule cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • To provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms regulating normal cerebellar development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cerebellar granule cell development.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways and transcription factors implicated in granule cell development.

Main Results:

Keywords:
Cerebellar granule cellsdevelopmentsignaling pathway

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Ex Vivo Imaging of Postnatal Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration Using Confocal Macroscopy

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Isolation and Culture of Post-Natal Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neuron Progenitor Cells and Neurons
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Isolation and Culture of Post-Natal Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neuron Progenitor Cells and Neurons

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Modeling Neuronal Death and Degeneration in Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons
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Modeling Neuronal Death and Degeneration in Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons

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Ex Vivo Imaging of Postnatal Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration Using Confocal Macroscopy
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Isolation and Culture of Post-Natal Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neuron Progenitor Cells and Neurons
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Isolation and Culture of Post-Natal Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neuron Progenitor Cells and Neurons

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  • Cerebellar granule cell precursors originate from the dorsal rhombomere in embryonic hindbrain.
  • Proliferation occurs from embryonic to post-natal stages, forming the major cerebellar cell type.
  • Development is regulated by the cerebellar intrinsic environment and various signaling pathways/transcription factors.

Conclusions:

  • Signaling pathways and transcription factors play critical roles in cerebellar granule cell development.
  • Further research into these pathways can elucidate mechanisms of normal cerebellar formation.