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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Reliable Distal MCA Occlusion Model in Mice for Stroke Research
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[Tandem occlusions in acute ischemic stroke].

L Meyer1,2, M Politi3,4, M Alexandrou3

  • 1Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte/Bremen-Ost, Bremen, Deutschland. lu.meyer@uke.de.

Der Radiologe
|May 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Endovascular treatment for acute stroke with tandem occlusions, involving extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis and intracranial occlusion, shows superior results to thrombolysis alone. Current data suggest stenting the extracranial artery before thrombectomy is favored.

Keywords:
Carotid stenosisEndovascular proceduresIntracerebral hemorrhageMechanical thrombectomyStenting

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendovascular treatment
  • Cerebrovascular diseases
  • Stroke management

Background:

  • Tandem occlusions involve both extracranial internal carotid artery (eICA) stenosis/occlusion and intracranial vessel occlusion.
  • These complex strokes present unique endovascular treatment challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current endovascular treatment options for tandem occlusions.
  • To discuss the efficacy and safety of these interventions based on available data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical data on endovascular treatment for tandem occlusions.
  • Analysis of outcomes comparing different endovascular strategies.

Main Results:

  • Endovascular treatment is superior to intravenous thrombolysis alone for tandem occlusions.
  • Clinical outcomes are comparable to those of solitary intracranial occlusions.
  • Acute stenting of the eICA followed by intracranial thrombectomy is favored by current data.

Conclusions:

  • Endovascular therapy offers good clinical results for tandem occlusions.
  • While randomized trials are lacking, evidence supports a specific treatment sequence.
  • Further research is needed to optimize management strategies.