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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

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Diffuse large B cell lymphoma secondary to JC virus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Ashwin Reddi1, Nikhil Patel2, Nicholas A Morris3
1School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Abstract:
We present the case of a 43-year-old-man with a past medical history of HIV with recently initiated HAART and existing PML that presented with altered mental status. The initial diagnosis was deemed to be PML-IRIS; however, neuroimaging brought into question this diagnosis. Flow cytometry performed from the cerebrospinal fluid revealed diffuse large B cell lymphoma. JC virus may act in an oncogenic role similarly to EBV and predispose to CNS lymphomas. Patients with PML caused by JC virus may develop secondary malignancies.
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