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Bacteriophage acquisition restores protective mutualism.

Nicole L Lynn-Bell1, Michael R Strand2, Kerry M Oliver2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Microbiology (Reading, England)
|May 30, 2019
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Summary

Bacteriophages (APSE) can transfer between bacterial symbionts (Hamiltonella) in pea aphids, restoring protection against parasitic wasps. This horizontal gene transfer facilitates rapid spread of beneficial traits.

Keywords:
aphidendosymbionthost-parasitelateral transferprotective mutualismsymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Insect microbiology
  • Symbiosis research
  • Bacteriophage ecology

Background:

  • Insects host inherited facultative symbionts that provide beneficial services, like protection.
  • Pea aphids harbor Hamiltonella defensa, with its bacteriophage APSE, conferring protection against Aphidius ervi wasps.
  • Loss of APSE results in loss of this protective ability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the experimental transfer of APSE into phage-free Hamiltonella strains.
  • To determine if APSE transfer can restore protective phenotypes in pea aphids.
  • To understand the mechanism and implications of bacteriophage horizontal transfer in symbiont systems.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental injection of bacteriophage APSE particles and Hamiltonella bacteria into pea aphids.
  • Assessing the stable establishment of APSE in recipient Hamiltonella strains.
  • Evaluating the restoration of anti-parasitoid defenses in aphids harboring re-established symbionts.

Main Results:

  • APSE could be experimentally transferred into phage-free Hamiltonella strains.
  • Successful transfer required simultaneous injection of both APSE and Hamiltonella.
  • Stable APSE establishment fully restored the aphid's defense against parasitic wasps.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteriophages associated with bacterial symbionts can transfer horizontally between symbiont strains.
  • This transfer facilitates the rapid spread of ecologically significant traits, such as host protection.
  • Natural barriers may limit the frequency of such exchanges, despite the potential for rapid trait dissemination.