Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria
Published on: February 2, 2021
Chicken eggs as a surveillance tool for malaria and leishmaniasis vector presence
Rarissa de Oliveira E Silva1, Maria Edilene Martins de Almeida2,3, Eric Fabrício Marialva2,4
1Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Introduction:
Malaria and leishmaniases are transmitted by vectors during blood-feeding. Vector-infected animals develop antibodies against the vector's saliva. This study evaluated IgY antibody detection in the chicken eggs exposed to bites from Migonemyia migonei, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Anopheles aquasalis.
Methods:
We used ELISA to quantify the antibody levels in the sera and exposed chicken eggs.
Results:
High IgY levels were observed following immunization; furthermore, higher reactivity was observed in the eggs and species-specific immune response was observed post final immunization.
Conclusions:
Chicken eggs can be used as sentinels to surveil vector saliva antibodies.
Related Concept Videos
Principles of Disease Surveillance
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Introduction to Vectors
Scalar and Vectors
Scalar quantities with the same physical units can be added or subtracted according to the usual algebra rules for numbers. For example, a class ending 10 min earlier than 50 min lasts...
Acceleration Vectors
Vector Operations
A vector multiplied by a scalar value is called scalar multiplication. The result obtained is a new vector with a different magnitude. If the scalar is positive, the direction of the vector remains the same, but if it is negative, the direction of the vector is reversed. For example, the product of the mass and velocity yields the momentum.

