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Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
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Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
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Pancreatic juice is a clear fluid produced by the pancreas, containing water, salts, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes vital for digestion in the small intestine. It helps break down large molecules, facilitating nutrient absorption.
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Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:28

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Tubular secretion and reabsorption are two critical processes in the nephron tubule of the kidneys. When the fluid filtered from the glomerulus enters the proximal convoluted tubule, it is referred to as filtrate, and its composition changes due to tubular reabsorption and secretion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth.

Teemu J Häkkinen1,2, S Susanna Sova1,3, Ian J Corfe1

  • 1Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Plos Computational Biology
|May 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a computational model to understand how tooth enamel thickness varies. This model explains how dentine topography influences enamel distribution, aiding in predicting tooth crown shapes.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Biomineralization
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Tooth enamel, the most mineralized mammalian tissue, exhibits variable thickness across tooth crowns.
  • Enamel thickness variations are crucial for understanding species evolution, life history, and tooth function.
  • The spatial regulation of enamel matrix secretion onto the dentine template remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a predictive computational framework for enamel distribution.
  • To model the process of enamel matrix secretion and its spatial regulation.
  • To link dentine topography to enamel surface topography.

Main Methods:

  • A computational model simulating enamel matrix secretion as a diffusion-limited free boundary problem.
  • Utilizing empirical enamel-dentine junction data.
  • Analyzing microCT and synchrotron tomographic data from pig, human, and orangutan molars.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully accounts for enamel matrix secretion and final enamel distribution.
  • Dentine topography (concave and convex features) significantly influences enamel surface morphology.
  • Subtle dentine variations can be mapped to distinct enamel surface features.

Conclusions:

  • Diffusion-limited matrix deposition is a key mechanism explaining enamel surface topography.
  • Computational models of extracellular matrix deposition can predict tooth occlusal morphologies.
  • This framework provides insights into the evolution and function of dental structures.