Profile of Phenolic Compounds Released from Rice Bran by Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma reesei: Their Relation with...

Evolution of Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma reesei biomass in rice bran, their enzyme activity, and the profile of phenolic compounds released from the lignocellulosic matrices were determined and correlated by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA analysis confirms that cultivation of rice bran affected the release of methanol-soluble phenolic compounds (MSPC), ethanol-soluble phenolic compounds (ESPC), and bound phenolic compounds (BPC) positively, due to their enzymatic activity. The release of MSPC was influenced by the activity of cellulase and endoglucanase, which increased 110.6% and 136.3%, respectively, for Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma reesei. Gallic acid was the main component in the MSPC and ESPC compound fractions. Ferulic and syringic acids were found in its bound (BPC) form in the biomass. This study showed that bioactive compounds be released from lignocellulosic materials by fungus action and this process can be conducted to obtain specific phenolic compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Due the demand by natural compounds with biological activity, such as phenolic compounds, it is interesting to purpose alternatives to enhance their yield, like for instance, by fungal fermentation of lignocellulosic material. Therefore, understanding the relations among different phenolic compounds released and the production of fungal hydrolases during growth of Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma reesei in solid state cultivation using rice bran as a substrate is fundamental to control the process. This knowledge gets viable scale up to apply the phenolic compounds as preservative in food chain, because this becomes possible directing the process to obtain specific bioactive compounds in less time of cultivation and with low cost.