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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
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Selective Environmental Remediation of Strontium and Cesium Using Sulfonated Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers (SHCPs).

Alex M James1, Samuel Harding1, Thomas Robshaw1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Dainton Building , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , U.K.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sulfonated hyper-cross-linked polymers efficiently remove strontium (Sr) and cesium (Cs) from water. These novel materials demonstrate high selectivity and rapid uptake, offering a promising solution for radioactive ion remediation.

Keywords:
ion-exchangemetal-free synthesismicroporous polymersporous materialsseparations

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Radioactive contamination by strontium (Sr) and cesium (Cs) poses significant environmental and health risks.
  • Effective removal of these ions from aqueous solutions is crucial for environmental remediation.
  • Development of advanced adsorbent materials with high capacity and selectivity is an ongoing research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize sulfonated hyper-cross-linked polymers (SHCPs) for the removal of Sr and Cs ions.
  • To investigate the adsorption performance, including capacity, kinetics, and selectivity, of the synthesized polymers.
  • To evaluate the potential of SHCPs as efficient adsorbents for radioactive metal ion remediation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of sulfonated hyper-cross-linked polymers (SHCPs) via metal-free and Lewis acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation routes.
  • Characterization of polymer properties, including BET surface area.
  • Investigation of Sr and Cs ion adsorption using batch experiments, isotherm modeling (Dubinin-Radushkevich), and kinetic studies (pseudo second-order).
  • Evaluation of selectivity against common interfering ions (Na, K, Mg, Ca).

Main Results:

  • Synthesized sulfonated polymers exhibited high BET surface areas (>500 m²·g⁻¹).
  • SHCP-1 demonstrated significant ion-exchange capacity for Sr (95.6 ± 2.8 mg·g⁻¹) and Cs (273 ± 37 mg·g⁻¹).
  • Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo second-order model, indicating rapid uptake.
  • The polymer showed high selectivity for Sr and Cs over competing alkali and alkaline earth metal ions.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfonated hyper-cross-linked polymers are effective adsorbents for Sr and Cs removal from aqueous solutions.
  • The ion-exchange mechanism and high surface area contribute to the excellent adsorption performance.
  • SHCPs offer advantages over conventional adsorbents for the remediation of radioactive Sr and Cs contamination.