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Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
543
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

305
In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
305
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

2.7K
Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
2.7K
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding01:09

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding

532
Hepatic clearance is influenced by protein binding based on the drug's extraction ratio. Drugs with high extraction ratios are considered flow-limited and remain unaffected by protein binding during hepatic clearance. On the other hand, drugs with low extraction ratios may be impacted by plasma protein binding, although the extent of this influence depends on the fraction of the drug bound.
For low-extraction-ratio drugs that are less than 80% protein-bound, minor changes in protein binding...
532
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clearance01:09

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clearance

498
Hepatic clearance refers to the volume of blood cleared of a drug by the liver per unit of time. It plays a crucial role in drug metabolism and elimination. While hepatic clearance is commonly estimated by subtracting renal clearance from total body clearance, other pathways, such as pulmonary or biliary clearance, may also contribute. However, these pathways are generally less significant than hepatic and renal clearance.
Most drugs undergo restrictive clearance, which is proportional to the...
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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Published on: February 1, 2017

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Hepatitis E Virus Drug Development.

Volker Kinast1, Thomas L Burkard2, Daniel Todt3

  • 1Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, 44801 Bochum, Germany. Volker.kinast@rub.de.

Viruses
|May 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes millions of infections and deaths yearly. New antiviral therapies are urgently needed as current options like Ribavirin are ineffective and contraindicated for high-risk groups.

Keywords:
antiviralsdrug developmenthepatitis E virusribavirinsofosbuvirtherapyvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes an estimated 20 million infections and 70,000 deaths annually.
  • While often asymptomatic, HEV can be fatal in pregnant women (up to 25% mortality) and chronic in immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the urgent need for new Hepatitis E virus (HEV) drug development.
  • To provide an overview of current HEV antiviral research and strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HEV drug development efforts.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic options and their limitations.

Main Results:

  • Current therapies, Ribavirin (RBV) and pegylated Interferon-α (pegIFN-α), have limited efficacy (RBV clears virus in 80% of patients).
  • Both RBV and pegIFN-α are contraindicated in pregnant women, a key at-risk group.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for novel and effective antiviral therapies for Hepatitis E virus.
  • Current drug development strategies and their limitations require careful consideration for HEV treatment.