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Speciation and hybridization in invasive fire ants.

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  • 1Department of Evolution and Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

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Two fire ant species, Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri, show complete genetic isolation in their native South American range, despite known admixture in North America. This study provides genomic evidence for distinct speciation pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Speciation research
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Reproductive barriers drive species divergence and speciation.
  • Isolation with migration describes ongoing gene flow between diverging populations.
  • Two fire ant species, Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri, native to South America, were studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the speciation of Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri.
  • To determine if gene flow occurs between these species in their native range.
  • To analyze the genetic isolation of invasive species.

Main Methods:

  • Population genomic survey using reduced representation genomic sequencing.
  • Analysis of 337 native and introduced samples.
  • Maximum likelihood analysis to detect gene flow.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of gene flow between Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri in their native range.
  • Estimated divergence time at 190,000 generations ago.
  • Founder population of Solenopsis invicta in North America estimated at 26 queens.

Conclusions:

  • Complete genetic isolation is maintained between these two invasive species in their native range.
  • This study is the first large-scale genomic analysis to provide this evidence.
  • Results support further research into genetic barrier formation in invasive populations.