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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

Lupus-associated atypical memory B cells are mTORC1-hyperactivated and functionally dysregulated.

Chunmei Wu^1,2, Qiong Fu¹, Qiang Guo¹

¹Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

|May 31, 2019

Summary

Atypical memory B cells (AtMs) are expanded in lupus patients. Targeting the mTORC1 pathway in these cells may offer a new therapeutic strategy for lupus treatment.

Keywords:

B cells cytokines systemic lupus erythematosus

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Published on: March 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Systems Biology

Background:

Atypical memory B cells (AtMs) are expanded in active lupus patients.
The generation and role of these cells in lupus pathogenesis are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively characterize lupus AtMs.
To identify potential therapeutic targets within this B cell population for lupus treatment.

Main Methods:

Flow cytometry to analyze peripheral B cell subsets.
RNA sequencing and functional studies on sorted B cells.
Multiplexed immunohistochemistry to detect renal B cells in lupus nephritis.

Main Results:

CD24^-CD20^hi AtMs were increased in Chinese lupus cohorts.
Upregulated pathways in lupus AtMs include B cell signaling, metabolism, and endocytosis.
Activated mTORC1 pathway in lupus AtMs; rapamycin inhibited T-bet⁺ B cell generation and AtM differentiation.
Lupus AtMs showed dysfunctional phenotypes, accelerated apoptosis, impaired T cell co-stimulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
AtMs accumulated in lupus nephritis kidneys, correlating with disease severity.

Conclusions:

mTORC1-overactivated lupus AtMs exhibit abnormal differentiation, metabolic, and functional dysregulation.
Inhibiting mTORC1 signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting AtMs in lupus.