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Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures02:07

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Blinding01:11

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
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The Wave Nature of Light02:12

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The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
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Dehydration Synthesis01:15

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Overview
Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
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A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits
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Depicting brighter possibilities for treating blindness.

José-Alain Sahel1,2,3,4, Jean Bennett5, Botond Roska6,7,8

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. sahelja@upmc.edu jebennet@pennmedicine.upenn.edu botond.roska@iob.ch.

Science Translational Medicine
|May 31, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preclinical research is leading to new clinical treatments for blindness. These advances offer hope for innovative solutions to restore vision.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Clinical Translation

Background:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the biological mechanisms underlying various forms of blindness.
  • Preclinical models have identified promising therapeutic targets for vision restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the translation of preclinical research findings into clinical applications for treating blindness.
  • To showcase innovative approaches for vision restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent preclinical studies in ophthalmology and regenerative medicine.
  • Analysis of ongoing clinical trials and early-stage treatments for blindness.

Main Results:

  • Successful translation of several preclinical strategies into human clinical trials.
  • Emerging therapies show potential for addressing previously untreatable retinal diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Preclinical advancements are paving the way for novel clinical solutions for blindness.
  • Continued research and clinical translation are crucial for developing effective vision restoration therapies.