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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

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The vaginal microbiome and preterm birth.

Jennifer M Fettweis1,2,3, Myrna G Serrano1,3, J Paul Brooks3,4

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.

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|May 31, 2019
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Summary

Preterm birth risk is higher in women of African ancestry. Vaginal microbiome analysis revealed specific bacteria linked to preterm delivery, offering new ways to assess risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Reproductive health
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Preterm birth affects over 10% globally, with disproportionate rates among women of African ancestry in the US.
  • Understanding the factors contributing to preterm birth disparities is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify microbial and host factors associated with preterm birth in a cohort of women of African ancestry.
  • To leverage multi-omics data for novel preterm birth risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA, metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and cytokine data from 45 preterm and 90 term birth controls.
  • Characterization of vaginal microbiome composition and function.
  • Correlation analysis between microbial taxa and host inflammatory markers.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in vaginal microbial communities were observed between preterm and term birth groups.
  • Lower levels of Lactobacillus crispatus and higher levels of specific bacteria (e.g., BVAB1, Sneathia amnii, Prevotella) were associated with preterm birth.
  • Preterm-associated taxa correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokines in vaginal fluid.

Conclusions:

  • Specific vaginal microbial taxa and host inflammatory profiles serve as potential biomarkers for preterm birth risk.
  • These findings open new avenues for developing targeted interventions and risk assessment strategies for preterm birth.