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High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex to Enhance Metacognitive Sensitivity
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Biosensing-by-Learning Direct Targeting Strategy for Enhanced Tumor Sensitization.

Yifan Chen, Muhammad Ali, Shaolong Shi

    IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience
    |May 31, 2019
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    We developed a new targeting strategy using magnetic nanoswimmers to improve cancer drug delivery. This method enhances tumor accumulation and minimizes exposure by following biological gradients, outperforming traditional methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Nanotechnology
    • Computational Biology

    Background:

    • Smart nanosystems offer potential for targeted drug delivery.
    • Current methods for nanoparticle accumulation in tumors face challenges with efficiency and systemic exposure.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and computationally validate a novel direct targeting strategy (DTS) for smart nanosystems.
    • To enhance magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) accumulation in tumors using knowledge-aided guidance.
    • To minimize systemic exposure and utilize physiological routes for targeted delivery.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an iterative-optimization-inspired direct targeting strategy (DTS) using swarms of magnetic nanoswimmers.
    • Modeled the strategy using a gradient descent (GD) iterative method for in vivo nanoswimmer propagation.
    • Simulated computational experiments to compare DTS with a 'brute-force' systemic targeting approach.

    Main Results:

    • The GD-inspired DTS significantly enhanced MNP accumulation at the tumor site.
    • DTS demonstrated higher probabilities of tumor sensitization compared to 'brute-force' methods.
    • The strategy achieved targeted delivery using shortest physiological routes with minimal systemic exposure.

    Conclusions:

    • The knowledge-aided DTS effectively exploits tumor-triggered biological gradients for enhanced targeting.
    • This approach offers a significant improvement over conventional systemic targeting strategies.
    • The study motivates a novel biosensing-by-learning framework using externally manipulable nanosystems.