Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures
Published on: August 1, 2011
Avalanche Interpretation of the Power-Law Energy Spectrum in Three-Dimensional Dense Granular Flow
Norihiro Oyama1, Hideyuki Mizuno2, Kuniyasu Saitoh3,4
1Mathematics for Advanced Materials-OIL, AIST, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
Abstract:
Turbulence is ubiquitous in nonequilibrium systems, and it has been noted that even dense granular flows exhibit characteristics that are typical of turbulent flow, such as the power-law energy spectrum. However, studies on the turbulentlike behavior of granular flows are limited to two-dimensional (2D) flow. We demonstrate that the statistics in three-dimensional (3D) flow are qualitatively different from those in 2D flow. We also elucidate that avalanche dynamics can explain this dimensionality dependence. Moreover, we define clusters of collectively moving particles that are equivalent to vortex filaments. The clusters unveil complicated structures in 3D flows that are absent in 2D flows.
Related Concept Videos
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation
Power and Energy
Power, defined as the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, is quantified in units called watts (W). The relation between power and energy is mathematically given as
Energy and Power of a Wave
Waves can also be concentrated or spread out, as characterized by the intensity of the wave. Intensity is directly...
Energy and Power Signals
The Power Flow Problem and Solution
Control of Power Flow

