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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Reciprocal-Space-Trajectory Perspective on High-Harmonic Generation in Solids.

Liang Li1, Pengfei Lan1, Xiaosong Zhu1,2

  • 1Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

Physical Review Letters
|May 31, 2019
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Circularly polarized fields significantly extend the cutoff in high-harmonic generation (HHG) from solids. This study proposes a new four-step model, revealing electron-hole interband polarization as key to understanding this phenomenon.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum optics
  • Nonlinear optics

Background:

  • High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a fundamental process in nonlinear optics.
  • Understanding HHG mechanisms in solids is crucial for advanced light source development.
  • Previous models often relied on simplified electron dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of laser field ellipticity on HHG in solids.
  • To elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms governing HHG cutoff extension and yield.
  • To propose a new theoretical framework for HHG in solid materials.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of HHG in laser fields with varying ellipticities.
  • Development and application of a reciprocal-space-trajectory method.
  • Analysis of electron trajectories and time-frequency spectrograms.

Main Results:

  • Circularly polarized fields strongly extend the HHG cutoff in solids.
  • Harmonic yield in highly elliptical fields is comparable to or exceeds linear polarization.
  • Identified an overlooked preacceleration step and highlighted the role of electron-hole interband polarization.

Conclusions:

  • The classical recollision picture is insufficient to explain HHG in solids.
  • Electron-hole interband polarization is essential for understanding the ellipticity dependence.
  • A novel four-step model accurately describes the mechanism of HHG in solids.