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Updated: Jan 24, 2026
05:04
Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
Published on: May 5, 2020
8.0K
An update in facial gender confirming surgery
Hailey M Juszczak1, Zachary Fridirici2, P Daniel Knott2
1School of Medicine.
Summary
Facial gender confirming surgery (FGCS) aligns appearance with identity using surgical and nonsurgical methods. Further research and training are needed to establish care standards for this growing field.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Gender Affirming Care
- Facial Reconstruction
Background:
- Gender nonconforming individuals experience stressors contributing to gender dysphoria.
- Facial gender confirming surgery (FGCS) helps align facial appearance with gender identity.
- FGCS encompasses both surgical and nonsurgical techniques to modify facial features.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current surgical and nonsurgical FGCS approaches.
- To identify standards of care in FGCS.
- To highlight areas for future research in FGCS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent advances in FGCS.
- Analysis of common procedures for facial feminization surgery (FFS).
- Assessment of current training and awareness in FGCS.
Main Results:
- FGCS utilizes advances in surgical and nonsurgical techniques.
- Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is the most common form of FGCS, primarily for transwomen.
- No established protocols exist; common procedures target sex-determining facial characteristics.
- Limited FGCS exposure in training programs necessitates increased transgender health awareness.
Conclusions:
- Demand for FGCS is rising.
- Improvements needed in surgical techniques and evidence-based guidelines.
- Enhanced education and awareness in surgical training programs are crucial.
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