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A study on the neurodevelopment outcomes of late preterm infants

Jia You1, Bilal Haider Shamsi2,3, Mei-Chen Hao4

  • 1Department of Child Health Care, Xi'an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, NO 73, Street Xidajie, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China. stonebroken2008@126.com.

BMC Neurology
|June 1, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Late preterm infants (LPIs) face higher risks of neurodevelopmental impairment, even without major birth complications. Perinatal factors like twin pregnancies negatively impact LPI development, highlighting the need for specialized follow-up.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal development
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Perinatal medicine

Background:

  • Late preterm infants (34-36 weeks gestational age) require further study regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Identifying perinatal risk factors is crucial for this population born via uncomplicated vaginal birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuropsychological and neuromotor development of late preterm infants (LPIs) at 24-30 months of age.
  • To identify perinatal risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in LPIs.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 102 LPIs and 153 full-term infants were assessed using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale (GDDS), and Sensory Integration Schedule (SIS).
  • Neurological examinations for motor disorders (MD) were performed, and infants screening positive on M-CHAT were referred for autism evaluation.

Main Results:

  • LPIs demonstrated significantly lower scores on GDDS and the Child Sensory Integration Checklist compared to full-term infants.
  • 8.8% of LPIs were diagnosed with motor disorders, and 8.8% screened positive on the M-CHAT.
  • Twin pregnancies, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and premature rupture of membranes were associated with poorer GDDS scores, while birth weight and gestational age showed positive correlations.

Conclusions:

  • Late preterm infants require special attention due to increased neurodevelopmental impairment risks, irrespective of uncomplicated birth.
  • Perinatal factors such as twin pregnancies and pregnancy-induced hypertension negatively affect LPI neurodevelopment.
  • Regular neurodevelopmental follow-up and early interventions are recommended for improving long-term outcomes in LPIs.
Abstract

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disordersLate preterm infantsMotor disorders

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