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Related Concept Videos

Continuing Care01:25

Continuing Care

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Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
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Continuity Equation01:28

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The continuity equation asserts that the mass flow rate must remain constant for a steady flow of an incompressible fluid within a confined system. This principle applies to systems where fluid passes through varying cross-sectional areas, such as nozzles, syringes, and pipes.
The mass flow rate is expressed as:
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Continuity Equation01:20

Continuity Equation

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The total amount of current flowing per unit cross-sectional area is called the current density. Hence, the current passing through a cross-sectional area can be written as the surface integral of the current density.
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Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
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Equation of Continuity01:12

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Fluid motion is represented by either velocity vectors or streamlines. The volume of a fluid flowing past a given location through an area during a period of time is called the flow rate Q, or more precisely, the volume flow rate. Flow rate and velocity are related—for instance, a river has a greater flow rate if the velocity of the water in it is greater. However, the flow rate also depends on the size and shape of the river. The relationship between flow rate (Q) and average speed (v)...
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Health Information Technology and Healthcare Information System01:30

Health Information Technology and Healthcare Information System

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Health Information Technology (HIT)
Health Information Technology, commonly called HIT, integrates advanced information systems and technology in healthcare settings. Its primary functions include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer PCS, D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military
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The Portable Chemical Sterilizer PCS, D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military

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Continuous room decontamination technologies.

David J Weber1, William A Rutala2, Emily E Sickbert-Bennett1

  • 1Department of Hospital Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

American Journal of Infection Control
|June 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hospital room surfaces can harbor dangerous pathogens, leading to infections. This review explores innovative self-disinfecting surfaces and continuous disinfection methods to combat multidrug-resistant organisms.

Keywords:
DisinfectionSelf-disinfecting surfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Infection Control
  • Environmental Hygiene
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Contaminated hospital surfaces are a significant source of multidrug-resistant pathogen transmission.
  • Current terminal cleaning methods are limited by patient presence and rapid bacterial recolonization.
  • Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a critical challenge in patient care settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing research on self-disinfecting surfaces.
  • To explore novel continuous room disinfection technologies.
  • To identify strategies for reducing pathogen transmission in hospital environments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of self-disinfecting surface technologies (e.g., copper, chemical disinfectants).
  • Review of emerging room disinfection methods (e.g., blue light, hydrogen peroxide systems).
  • Analysis of limitations and potential applications of reviewed technologies.

Main Results:

  • Copper-coated surfaces and persistent chemical disinfectants show promise for self-disinfection.
  • Emerging technologies like blue light and diluted hydrogen peroxide offer potential for continuous disinfection.
  • Challenges remain in implementing these technologies effectively in occupied patient rooms.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous disinfection and self-disinfecting surfaces are crucial for reducing HAIs.
  • Further research and development are needed to optimize and implement these advanced disinfection strategies.
  • Innovations in environmental hygiene are essential for controlling multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitals.