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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Dysfunctional Neural Processes Underlying Context Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia.

Seung Suk Kang1, Angus W MacDonald2, Scott R Sponheim3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.

Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
|June 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired context processing due to prefrontal cognitive control deficits. These findings highlight the role of proactive and reactive control failures in schizophrenia, impacting adaptive behaviors.

Keywords:
Context processingERPsPrefrontal dysfunctionReaction time variabilitySchizophreniaVisuomotor deficits

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia (PSZ) is characterized by significant deficits in context processing, a crucial executive function.
  • The precise neural underpinnings of these context processing impairments in PSZ remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relative contribution of prefrontal cognitive control, sensory, and motor neural dysfunctions to context processing deficits in PSZ.
  • To elucidate the core neural dysfunction underlying context processing impairments in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Examined event-related potentials (ERPs) in 60 PSZ and 51 healthy controls during a context processing task.
  • Analyzed Ex-Gaussian reaction time distributions to assess motor control variability in PSZ.

Main Results:

  • PSZ demonstrated lower accuracy and increased reaction time variability under high context demands.
  • Reduced frontal ERPs in PSZ indicated deficits in proactive and reactive cognitive control, while generalized visuomotor deficits were observed.
  • Diminished frontal proactive control predicted response accuracy deficits in PSZ.

Conclusions:

  • Prefrontal cognitive control deficits, specifically in proactive and reactive control related to mental representations, are likely the primary cause of context processing impairments in PSZ.