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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

A Triple Primary Cell Culture Model of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier for Studying Ischemic Stroke In Vitro
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Pericytes in Ischemic Stroke.

Turgay Dalkara1,2,3, Luis Alarcon-Martinez4, Muge Yemisci5,6

  • 1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. tdalkara@hacettepe.edu.tr.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke research now focuses on microvascular protection, highlighting pericytes. Protecting these cells is crucial for improving blood flow and outcomes after stroke treatments.

Keywords:
AngiogenesisBlood–brain barrierCADASILCerebral ischemiaMicrocirculationNeurogenesisPericytePost-stroke recoveryRecanalizationReperfusionRetinal ischemiaThrombolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Stroke Research

Background:

  • Stroke research is shifting from neuron-centric to microvasculature-focused approaches.
  • Pericytes, cells on microvessels, are vital for regulating cerebral microcirculation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
  • Pericytes are vulnerable to ischemic injury, negatively impacting stroke outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To underscore the importance of microvascular protection, particularly pericytes, in neuroprotection strategies for stroke.
  • To explore the multifaceted roles of pericytes in maintaining brain homeostasis and their vulnerability during ischemic events.
  • To highlight the potential of pericyte-targeted therapies in improving recanalization outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent stroke research focusing on microvasculature and pericytes.
  • Analysis of the functional roles of pericytes in microcirculation, BBB maintenance, and angiogenesis.
  • Examination of the impact of ischemic injury on pericytes and subsequent effects on stroke pathology.

Main Results:

  • Pericyte dysfunction exacerbates stroke-induced tissue damage and brain edema by compromising microvascular blood flow and BBB integrity.
  • Clinical imaging indicates that reperfusion is not consistently achieved post-recanalization, suggesting microvascular issues.
  • Pericyte detachment in peri-infarct regions may promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis, potentially improving stroke outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing pericyte dysfunction is a promising strategy to enhance recanalization therapies by improving microcirculatory reperfusion and reducing hemorrhage and edema.
  • Further research into pericytes' role in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including stroke, is expected to yield novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Targeting pericytes offers a potential avenue for improving stroke treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.