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Empathy in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Irene E Harmsen1

  • 1Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. irene.harmsen@mail.utoronto.ca.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
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Summary

This review explores empathy in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), noting atypical responses impact social interaction. Understanding the factors influencing empathy can improve diagnostics and therapies for ASD patients.

Keywords:
Asperger syndromeAutismAutism spectrum disorderAutistic traitsEmpathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Empathy is crucial for social interaction, involving understanding others' mental states and emotional responses.
  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical empathic responses, affecting social communication.
  • Existing research highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of empathy in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical characteristics and underlying mechanisms of empathy in individuals with ASD.
  • To synthesize findings from 61 peer-reviewed articles on empathy in ASD.
  • To identify factors influencing empathic differences in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 61 peer-reviewed articles.
  • Analysis of studies examining empathy in relation to sex, age, intelligence, and disorder severity.
  • Synthesis of research on genetic, neural, and sensory processing factors in empathy.

Main Results:

  • Empathic differences in ASD are influenced by sex, age, intelligence, and disorder severity.
  • Genetics, neural networks, and sensory processing play significant roles in eliciting empathy in ASD.
  • Atypical empathy in ASD impacts social cognition and emotional recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Improved understanding of empathy mechanisms in ASD is essential.
  • This knowledge can inform the development of better diagnostic tools for ASD.
  • Enhanced therapies targeting social cognition and emotional recognition can benefit individuals with ASD.