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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Lipids function as structural components of cellular membranes, in addition to acting as energy reservoirs and signaling molecules. They are thus crucial to all living organisms.  The three biologically important classes of lipids are triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
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Quantification of Lipid Content in Oleaginous Biomass Using Thermogravimetry.

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A Lipid Extraction and Analysis Method for Characterizing Soil Microbes in Experiments with Many Samples
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Extraction Methods Used to Separate Lipids from Microbes.

Balakrishna Maddi1

  • 1Research Scientist, Suganit Bio-Renewables LLC, Toledo, OH, USA. balakrishna.maddi@pnnl.gov.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial lipids are extracted using various methods for biodiesel production. These processes involve organic solvents and multiple steps like thermal, chemical, and mechanical treatments for efficient lipid separation and analysis.

Keywords:
AlgaeFree fatty acidsFungiLipidsSolvent extraction methodsTriglycerides

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Microbial lipids are a key feedstock for sustainable biodiesel and oleochemical production.
  • Efficient extraction of these intracellular lipids is crucial for economic viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the diverse methods employed for extracting lipids from microbial biomass.
  • To highlight the essential unit operations and chemical treatments involved in lipid separation and quantification.

Main Methods:

  • Organic solvent-based extraction (hexane, methanol, tetrahydrofuran).
  • Thermal treatments including supercritical CO2 extraction.
  • Chemical treatments (acid/base hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis).
  • Mechanical disruption (sonication, ball milling).
  • Separation and analysis techniques (gravimetric, chromatographic).

Main Results:

  • A wide array of techniques are available for microbial lipid extraction.
  • The choice of method depends on the microbial source and desired purity.
  • Multi-step processes involving solvent extraction, thermal, chemical, and mechanical operations are common.

Conclusions:

  • Effective microbial lipid extraction relies on a combination of physical and chemical processes.
  • Optimization of these extraction methods is vital for advancing biofuel and oleochemical industries.
  • Further research may focus on greener solvents and more energy-efficient extraction technologies.