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CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF ACROMEGALY.

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Acromegaly significantly increases mortality, primarily due to cardiovascular disease. Managing hypertension and other risk factors is crucial for improving prognosis in acromegaly patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Acromegaly, a disorder of excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), is linked to reduced life expectancy.
  • Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of premature death in acromegaly patients, accounting for approximately 60% of mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardiovascular complications associated with acromegaly.
  • To highlight the impact of hypertension and other risk factors on cardiac remodeling and prognosis in acromegaly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating cardiovascular disease in acromegaly.
  • Analysis of the direct effects of GH/IGF-I on the heart and the influence of comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Arterial hypertension is a major negative prognostic factor, present in 35% of patients, and significantly contributes to cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Diastolic blood pressure is a key predictor of cardiac hypertrophy in acromegaly.
  • Other significant cardiovascular risks include arrhythmias, heart failure, valvular defects, and lipid abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Early and aggressive management of hypertension is essential for improving outcomes in acromegaly.
  • Patients with acromegaly face a high risk of arrhythmias and heart failure, particularly with uncontrolled disease and structural heart abnormalities.