Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Published on: October 2, 2020
[Technical and economic aspects of bicarbonate hemodialysis]
Abstract:
The bicarbonate haemodialysis which is better tolerated by the patient is accompanied by a series of technical and economical problems. The insolubility of bicarbonate in the usual dialysis concentrates demands the production of an additional concentrate which is added to the irrigation solution. Furthermore, the evaporation of CO2 may lead to the change of the composition of the solution. The special production of the concentrates, particular criteria of storage as well as the necessity of additional monitors for the control of the irrigation solution for dialysis leads to an increase of the cost. The devices for the bicarbonate dialysis being sold now are judged and classified in their efficiency.
Related Concept Videos
Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate
Conditions such as hypochloremia can arise from insufficient chloride reabsorption by the kidneys, often compounded by extended bouts of diarrhea, vomiting, or...
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2 and HCO3− values are examined to...
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications
Hemodialysis I: Introduction

