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Adolescent Substance Use and Misuse: Recognition and Management.

Jessica A Kulak1, Kim S Griswold1

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This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent illicit substance use is rising, particularly with electronic cigarettes, marijuana, and opioids. Primary care can identify at-risk youth using validated screening tools and evidence-based interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Adolescent Medicine
  • Substance Abuse Research

Background:

  • Adolescent illicit substance use presents significant societal burdens.
  • Trends show decreased alcohol use but increased electronic cigarette, marijuana, and opioid use among adolescents.
  • Primary care settings offer opportunities for early identification of adolescent substance use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the landscape of adolescent illicit substance use.
  • To highlight the role of primary care in identification and intervention.
  • To discuss evidence-based screening tools and treatment modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current trends in adolescent substance use.
  • Examination of recommendations from professional organizations (USPSTF, AAP).
  • Identification of validated screening tools (CRAFFT, POSIT, AUDIT, NIAAA) and intervention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for primary care-based behavioral interventions for prevention or reduction is insufficient.
  • The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends familiarity with Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) initiatives.
  • Validated screening tools and a split-visit model can facilitate adolescent substance use assessment in primary care.

Conclusions:

  • Primary care physicians can play a crucial role in addressing adolescent substance use through screening and brief interventions.
  • A range of evidence-based treatments exist, from school-based programs to medication-assisted treatment.
  • Prevention and cessation efforts, including motivational interviewing, are vital for effective management of adolescent substance use.