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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Bone Marrow-derived Macrophage Production

Bone Marrow-derived Macrophage Production

Published on: November 22, 2013

A GIS based approach to long bone breakage patterns derived from marrow extraction.

T Stavrova¹, A Borel¹, C Daujeard¹

¹Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Homme et Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France.

|June 1, 2019

Summary

Percussion mark patterns on long bones can emerge intuitively, even without prior experience in bone breakage. This study used Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis on cattle bones to reveal these intuitive patterns.

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Area of Science:

Archaeology
Experimental Archaeology
Zooarchaeology

Background:

Percussion marks on archaeological long bones indicate marrow extraction.
Analyzing these marks can reveal butchery traditions and cognitive processes.

Observation:

This study investigated if intuitive actions, without prior experience, create percussion mark patterns.
A bone breakage experiment used 40 cattle long limb bones, with participants lacking prior bone fracture experience.

Findings:

Percussion mark patterns were observed to emerge consistently for specific bone elements, sides, and zones.
Pattern distribution varied based on bone morphology, indicating adaptive fracturing.
Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis effectively identified and quantified mark concentrations.

Implications:

Intuitive actions can generate recognizable percussion mark patterns, complicating interpretations of standardized butchery.
GIS analysis offers a sophisticated method for visualizing and comparing bone damage patterns.
Further research with larger samples can refine models for interpreting fossil assemblages.