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Updated: Jan 24, 2026
Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction
Published on: February 24, 2014
Serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Oman post 13-valent
Amina Al-Jardani1, Azza Al Rashdi1, Aisha Al Jaaidi1
1Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Al Mujamma Street, Bait Al Falaj, Darsait, P.O Box 393, Postal Code 100, Muscat, Oman.
Objective:
This study was undertaken to determine the serotype distribution and drug susceptibility patterns in pneumococcal isolates recovered from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
Methods:
All invasive pneumococcal isolates received between June 2014 and June 2016 were included in the study as part of a national laboratory-based IPD surveillance program. Isolates recovered from clinical specimens of normally sterile body sites were included.
Results:
A total of 41 different serotypes were identified among the 132 pneumococcal isolates included in this study. The most prevalent serotypes/serogroups were 12 (8.3%), 15 (8.3%), 19F (7.6%), 3 (6.1%), and 19A (6.1%);. It was observed that overall vaccine coverage rates for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 were 15.9%, 24.2% and 37.1% respectively. 56.8% (n=75) of the isolates were non-susceptible to at least one antibiotic and 40.9% (n=54) of the isolates were resistant to PEN (M). 18.9% (n=25) of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR).The case fatality rate was 15.9%.
Conclusion:
Our study results call for broader vaccine coverage, emphasizes the need to introduce the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine for the high risk adult population and stress the importance of continuous surveillance of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance to guide vaccine development and antimicrobial stewardship activities.
Insights
This study identified 41 pneumococcal serotypes in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases. High rates of antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance were observed, underscoring the need for broader vaccine coverage.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant global health concern.
- Understanding serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance is crucial for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from IPD patients.
- To analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of these isolates.
Main Methods:
- A national laboratory-based surveillance program collected invasive pneumococcal isolates from June 2014 to June 2016.
- Isolates were obtained from clinical specimens from normally sterile body sites.
Main Results:
- 132 pneumococcal isolates yielded 41 distinct serotypes, with serotypes 12, 15, 19F, 3, and 19A being most prevalent.
- Vaccine coverage for PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 was 15.9%, 24.2%, and 37.1%, respectively.
- 56.8% of isolates showed non-susceptibility to at least one antibiotic, 40.9% were resistant to penicillin, and 18.9% were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The case fatality rate was 15.9%.
Conclusions:
- The findings highlight the need for expanded pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) coverage, particularly for high-risk adult populations.
- Continuous surveillance of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance is essential for guiding vaccine development and antimicrobial stewardship.
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