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M Pimpinella1, S Andreoli2, C De Angelis3

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Summary

This study found that ionization chambers, silicon diodes, and microDiamond detectors can accurately measure output factors (OF) in high dose-per-pulse electron beams. With proper corrections, these detectors achieve better than 2% accuracy, comparable to alanine dosimeters.

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Dose per pulseIORTIon recombinationOutput factorsSaturation correction

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Dosimetry

Background:

  • Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) utilizes high dose-per-pulse electron beams.
  • Accurate measurement of relative output factors (OF) is crucial for precise dose delivery in IORT.
  • Alanine dosimeters serve as a dose-rate independent reference standard for OF measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of various detectors in measuring OF at high dose per pulse.
  • To compare detector capabilities against alanine dosimeters, a reliable reference standard.
  • To determine the accuracy of different detector types under specific irradiation conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements were conducted using 7 and 9 MeV electron beams from a Novac7 accelerator.
  • Various applicator sizes (4-10 cm diameter) were employed, resulting in dose per pulse up to 70 μGy.
  • Detectors included five ionization chambers, two silicon diodes, and one microDiamond. Ion recombination corrections were applied to ionization chambers.

Main Results:

  • Alanine dosimeters provided reference OF values with 0.8% uncertainty.
  • Most detectors showed deviations within 1.5% of reference OFs, falling within alanine's confidence interval.
  • Minor deviations up to 2% were observed in some cases, consistent with detector reproducibility.

Conclusions:

  • All tested detectors (ionization chambers, diodes, microDiamond) are suitable for measuring OF in high dose-per-pulse electron beams.
  • An accuracy better than 2% can be achieved with these detectors.
  • Ionization chambers require appropriate corrections for ion recombination effects to ensure accuracy.