Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs
Published on: April 25, 2014
Comparison of outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction according to age
Hady Zgheib1, Nader Al Souky1, Imad El Majzoub1
1Emergency Medicine Department at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), Beirut, Lebanon.
Insights
Premature myocardial infarction (MI) primarily impacts males, with smoking and family history as key risk factors. This condition is often associated with single-vessel disease, unlike in older adults.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death, with varying pathophysiology across age groups.
- Atherosclerosis is common in older patients, while younger individuals may experience MI due to thrombosis or plaque rupture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in young adults (≤45 years) versus older adults (>45 years).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of STEMI patients from 2008-2018.
- Patients were categorized into young (cases, ≤45 years) and older (controls, >45 years) groups.
- Descriptive, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were used to compare outcomes.
Main Results:
- Younger patients were more likely to be male, smokers, and have a family history of MI.
- Older patients had higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and prior MI.
- Younger individuals presented with a higher prevalence of single-vessel disease, with the LAD artery being the most common site of blockage in both groups.
Conclusions:
- Premature MI predominantly affects males and is linked to smoking and family history.
- Single-vessel disease is a characteristic finding in younger patients with MI compared to older individuals.
Background:
Myocardial infarction constitutes a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Its pathophysiology varies according to age; atherosclerosis is the most common cause in older patients while thrombosis or plaque rupture is behind premature MI.
Objective:
To compare the outcome differences between young (age ≤ 45 years) and older adults (age > 45 years) presenting with STEMI.
Method:
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients presenting with STEMI to the Emergency Department of a tertiary care center, between 2008 and 2018.Cases were patients age ≤ 45 and controls were the older population. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted followed by Logistic regression to identify the outcomes.
Results:
107 cases were matched with 214 controls. Majority of patients were males (93% of cases and controls). Younger patients were more likely to be smokers (80% vs. 57%, p < 0.001) and with a family history of MI (56% vs. 37%, p = 0.002). Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and a previous history of MI were more common among controls, 37%, 60%, 43% and 42% respectively versus 10%, 24%, 36% and 25% in the younger population. Younger patients had a higher prevalence of single-vessel disease compared to older patients (73% vs. 50%, p = 0.001). LAD was the most commonly blocked vessel in both groups (71% vs. 64% respectively). Ejection fraction was within normal range in the majority of controls and cases (63% vs. 56% respectively and 57% vs. 60% respectively).
Conclusion:
Premature MI predominantly affects males and the associated risk factors are smoking and family history of MI. It's characterized by single-vessel disease as compared to older patients.
Related Concept Videos
03:12Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
02:24Predicting Reaction Outcomes
01:20Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves
02:57The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
01:13Outcomes of Glycolysis
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
01:26Aging
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...