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Is xenon a suitable euthanasia agent for mice?

Thomas C Gent1, Alexei L Vyssotski2, Carlotta Detotto1

  • 1Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
|June 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Xenon (Xe) gas euthanasia in mice showed fewer distress behaviors and lower locomotion compared to carbon dioxide (CO2). Xe induced sedation, while CO2 caused arousal, suggesting Xe may be a more humane method.

Keywords:
3Rsanimal welfarecarbon dioxideeuthanasiainert gasesmice

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Area of Science:

  • Animal welfare science
  • Comparative physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Gas euthanasia is commonly used in laboratory animals.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a widely used euthanasia gas but can cause distress.
  • Alternative gases are being investigated to improve animal welfare during euthanasia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of xenon (Xe) and CO2 for gas euthanasia in mice.
  • To assess the potential of Xe as a less aversive alternative to CO2.

Main Methods:

  • Adult male C57Bl6/n mice were instrumented with EEG and electromyogram electrodes.
  • Animals were randomized to receive either 100% Xe or 100% CO2 gas euthanasia at a 30% chamber volume minute-1 fill rate.
  • Behavioral responses (jumping, freezing, locomotion) and EEG were recorded throughout the euthanasia process.

Main Results:

  • Mice exposed to Xe exhibited reduced locomotion and no jumping or freezing behaviors.
  • CO2 exposure resulted in increased jumping and freezing behaviors and increased locomotion.
  • EEG recordings indicated sedative effects with Xe and heightened arousal with CO2.

Conclusions:

  • Xenon (Xe) gas appears to be less aversive than carbon dioxide (CO2) for mouse euthanasia at the tested fill rate.
  • Xe may offer an improved welfare option for gas euthanasia in laboratory mice.
  • Further research into Xe euthanasia protocols is warranted to optimize its application.