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Related Concept Videos

Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Nuclear Fusion

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
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Measuring Replicative Life Span in the Budding Yeast
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Nuclear migration in budding yeasts: position before division.

Neha Varshney1, Kaustuv Sanyal2

  • 1Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India. nehavarshney@jncasr.ac.in.

Current Genetics
|June 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear positioning is vital for cell division. Diverse budding yeasts show varied mechanisms for nuclear migration, differing from established models like Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Keywords:
AscomyceteBasidiomyceteDyneinMicrotubulesNuclear division

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Accurate nuclear positioning is essential for transmitting genetic material during cell division.
  • Nuclear migration mechanisms in budding yeasts involve dynamic microtubules and motor proteins.
  • Variability exists in nuclear positioning among different budding yeast species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular players driving differential nuclear migration in various budding yeasts.
  • To compare nuclear migration mechanisms across diverse budding yeast models.
  • To identify divergences from established nuclear migration paradigms.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of molecular mechanisms in budding yeast species.
  • Investigation of microtubule dynamics and motor protein functions.
  • In-depth molecular studies on emerging budding yeast models.

Main Results:

  • Striking differences in nuclear migration mechanisms were observed in newly emerging budding yeasts.
  • Molecular players involved in nuclear positioning vary significantly across species.
  • Established paradigms from Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not fully encompass all budding yeast nuclear migration processes.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear migration is a complex process with species-specific molecular underpinnings.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for a comprehensive view of cell division.
  • Further research into diverse budding yeasts will refine our knowledge of nuclear positioning.