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Lack of bubble formation in hypobarically decompressed cells.

E A Hemmingsen, B B Hemmingsen, J O Owe

    Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
    |August 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Single-celled organisms show remarkable tolerance to rapid decompression, with minimal damage and no intracellular bubbles. This suggests bubbles in larger organisms may not originate within cells.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell biology
    • Barobiology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Decompression sickness involves bubble formation in tissues.
    • The origin of these bubbles, particularly intracellular vs. extracellular, remains debated.
    • Understanding cellular tolerance to gas supersaturation is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the tolerance of unicellular organisms to extreme gas supersaturation and rapid decompression.
    • To determine if intracellular bubbles form under such conditions.
    • To infer the likely origin of bubbles in multicellular organisms.

    Main Methods:

    • Equilibrating suspensions of human erythrocytes and various microorganisms (Tetrahymena pyriformis, Euglena gracilis, Escherichia coli, Microcyclus aquaticus) with high nitrogen gas pressures (up to 200 atm).

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  • Rapidly decompressing these suspensions to hypobaric pressures below the vapor point of water.
  • Microscopic examination to assess cell damage and observe for intracellular bubble formation.

    • Main Results:

    • Unicellular organisms exhibited high tolerance to induced gas supersaturations.
    • Minimal to no cell damage was observed across tested species.
    • Intracellular bubbles were never detected after rapid decompression.
    • Observed tolerances were significantly higher than those causing bubble formation in multicellular organisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Intracellular environments of unicellular organisms are highly resistant to bubble formation during rapid decompression.
    • The extreme tolerance suggests intracellular bubbles may not be the primary origin in multicellular organisms.
    • Factors like cell deformation or internal particles might influence bubble formation in more complex organisms.