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Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing
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Altered interoceptive processing in smokers: Evidence from the heartbeat tracking task.

Farah Hina1, Jane E Aspell1

  • 1School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|June 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Smokers exhibit impaired interoceptive accuracy, specifically in tracking bodily states, compared to non-smokers. This behavioral difference in interoception was observed despite no significant differences in other interoceptive measures or addiction severity.

Keywords:
AddictionHeartbeat detectionInteroceptionInteroceptive sensibilitySmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Neuroimaging studies suggest altered interoceptive processing in nicotine addiction.
  • Behavioral confirmation of these interoceptive differences in smokers is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral differences in interoception between smokers and non-smokers.
  • To assess interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) and interoceptive sensibility (IS) in relation to nicotine addiction.

Main Methods:

  • Compared IAcc (heartbeat tracking, discrimination) and IS (MAIA scales) in smokers (n=49) and non-smokers (n=51).
  • Controlled for time estimation (TE) in heartbeat tracking tasks.
  • Assessed nicotine dependence severity using the FTND-R.

Main Results:

  • Non-smokers demonstrated significantly higher interoceptive accuracy on the heartbeat tracking task than smokers.
  • No significant group differences were found for heartbeat discrimination, IS, or time estimation.
  • Interoceptive variables did not predict nicotine addiction severity.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first behavioral evidence of impaired interoceptive accuracy in smokers.
  • Altered perception of internal bodily states may be a behavioral correlate of nicotine addiction.