Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Buffers02:56

Buffers

172.5K
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
172.5K
Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

Buffers: Buffer Capacity

2.2K
Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
In the graph, pH is plotted as a function of the number of moles of base (Cb) added to a weak...
2.2K
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

54.9K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
54.9K
Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells01:20

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells

3.7K
The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
Certain amino acids can exist in a zwitterion state at a...
3.7K
Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution02:45

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution

57.7K
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
57.7K
Buffers: Overview01:30

Buffers: Overview

9.7K
Buffers play a crucial role in stabilizing the pH of a solution by mitigating the effects of small amounts of added acid or base. They consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl (aq).
9.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Automated, context-free assignment of asymmetric rotor microwave spectra.

The Journal of chemical physics·2019
Same author

The rotational spectrum and potential energy surface of the Ar-SiO complex.

The Journal of chemical physics·2018
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
06:00

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2022

3.0K

High sensitivity microwave spectroscopy in a cryogenic buffer gas cell.

Jessica P Porterfield1, Lincoln Satterthwaite2, Sandra Eibenberger3

  • 1Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|June 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new instrument analyzes complex chemical mixtures using cryogenic cooling and microwave spectroscopy. It offers an expanded frequency range, enhanced sensitivity, and versatile sample input for faster, high-resolution molecular analysis.

More Related Videos

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

13.1K
Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
08:34

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
06:00

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2022

3.0K
Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

13.1K
Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
08:34

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Analyzing complex chemical mixtures requires high resolution and sensitivity.
  • Previous methods had limitations in operating range and sample versatility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe significant improvements to a chirped pulse microwave spectroscopy instrument.
  • To enhance the instrument's capabilities for analyzing diverse chemical species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing collisional cooling with helium gas at cryogenic temperatures (4-7 K).
  • Employing chirped pulse microwave spectroscopy for molecular detection.
  • Incorporating cryogenically cooled low-noise amplifiers and protection switches for improved sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Extended operating frequency range from 12-18 GHz to 12-26 GHz.
  • Achieved improved detection sensitivity.
  • Demonstrated versatile sample input for solids, liquids, gases, and solutions without prior separation.

Conclusions:

  • The enhanced instrument provides high-resolution, high-sensitivity analysis of complex chemical mixtures.
  • The expanded range and versatile sample input broaden the scope of characterizable species.
  • This advanced spectroscopic technique offers a faster alternative to existing methods.