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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Cerebral Blood Flow-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain using Optical Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy
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High-density diffuse optical tomography for imaging human brain function.

Muriah D Wheelock1, Joseph P Culver1, Adam T Eggebrecht1

  • 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

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|June 3, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) offers a safe, portable, non-ionizing method for mapping human brain function. This technology presents unique opportunities and challenges for advancing neuroimaging at the bedside.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Noninvasive optical methods provide radiation-free alternatives to PET and fMRI for brain function mapping.
  • High-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) shows promise for high-quality cortical brain function imaging.
  • Diffuse optical measurements have a long history in neurophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the opportunities and challenges of noninvasive optical mapping of human brain function.
  • To discuss the principles, system design, and validation strategies for HD-DOT.
  • To explore clinical applications of HD-DOT in neuroscience.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental principles of near-infrared light diffusion in biological tissue.
  • Discussion of HD-DOT system design considerations for cortical depth imaging.
  • Examination of validation strategies for sensitivity, specificity, and reliability.

Main Results:

  • HD-DOT offers comparable image quality to fMRI for cortical brain function mapping.
  • Challenges in HD-DOT include achieving necessary signal-to-noise ratios for deep brain measurements.
  • Validation strategies are crucial for ensuring the accuracy of HD-DOT functional maps.

Conclusions:

  • HD-DOT presents a significant opportunity to advance optical imaging of brain function.
  • Further development is needed to overcome technical challenges for high-fidelity bedside neuroimaging.
  • HD-DOT can fill a crucial niche in basic and clinical neuroscience.