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Pharmacologic interventions for the prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity

Jacob V Aranda1, Jun Qu2, Gloria B Valencia3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonsatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; State University of New York Eye Institute, New York, NY 10075, United States.

Seminars in Perinatology
|June 3, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a serious eye condition in premature infants. Promising drug therapies exist to prevent ROP, but further research into combinations and timing is crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness.
  • Pathologic retinal angiogenesis in ROP is driven by factors like oxidative stress, hypoxia, and inflammation.
  • ROP has a significant lifelong impact on vision and ocular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging pharmacologic targets for ROP prevention and treatment.
  • To highlight the potential of various drug classes in managing ROP.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into drug combinations and optimal intervention timing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ROP pathophysiology and therapeutic agents.
  • Analysis of pharmacologic targets including anti-VEGF, erythropoietin, propranolol, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
  • Discussion of the role of nutritional factors and antioxidants.

Main Results:

  • Several drug classes show promise in preventing ROP, including anti-VEGF agents, erythropoietin, and propranolol.
  • Ocular NSAIDs target inflammation but require further development for optimal use.
  • Nutritional factors like IGF-I and omega-3 fatty acids may play a role.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacologic interventions targeting specific pathways are key to ROP prevention.
  • Optimal drug combinations and precise intervention timing are critical for effective ROP management.
  • Further clinical studies are essential to validate the efficacy and safety of these therapies for preventing ROP-related blindness.

Keywords:
AntiVEGFAntioxidantsBevacizumabCaffeineIGF-1Intermittent hypoxiaNSAIDsOxidative stressPropranalolRanibizumabRetinopathy of prematurityVascular endothelial growth factor

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