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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Related Experiment Video

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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Gene expression engineering in fungi.

Dominik Mojzita1, Anssi Rantasalo1, Jussi Jäntti1

  • 1VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing universal gene expression tools is crucial for advancing fungal biotechnology. This review covers fungal gene expression systems, from endogenous promoters to synthetic tools, enabling broader species applicability.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Fungi exhibit diverse metabolic and physiological properties valuable for biotechnology.
  • Effective gene expression tools are essential for fungal research and industrial applications.
  • Current gene expression tools often lack broad species functionality, limiting development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the operational principles and concepts of fungal gene expression tools.
  • To provide an overview of existing and novel gene expression systems for fungi.
  • To highlight tools functional across diverse fungal species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on fungal gene expression tools.
  • Analysis of endogenous fungal promoters.
  • Examination of modified hybrid and synthetic expression systems.
  • Discussion of transcription factor engineering.

Main Results:

  • Fungal gene expression tools vary in their design and applicability.
  • Endogenous promoters offer species-specific control.
  • Hybrid and synthetic systems show potential for broader functionality.
  • Synthetic tools are being developed for cross-species application.

Conclusions:

  • The development of broadly functional gene expression tools is critical for unlocking fungal biotechnological potential.
  • A range of strategies, including synthetic biology approaches, are advancing fungal gene expression.
  • Future research should focus on creating robust, universal tools for diverse fungal species.